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SAML and ColdFusion Part 5 : Signing a Document

Posted On May 1, 2007 5:44 PM By Phil in SAML,ColdFusion

In this entry of the SAML series, I'll build a ColdFusion template as well as a Java class to sign an XML document. I'll also cover creating a keystore and self-signed certificate that will be used for the signature generation and verification. The logic created in this entry is heavily influenced by an article by Robert Sayre located here. So now, let's get on to the code!

Let's take the XML from part 2 of this series:

<Assertion xmlns:"urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion"
AssertionId="353FE620-1143-EBE0-E1C96F56FD89EE2E"
IssueInstant="2007-01-01 14:30:23Z"
Version="2.0">
<Issuer>https://www.identityprovider.com/IDP</Issuer>
<Conditions NotAfter="2007-01-01 14:31:23Z" NotBefore="2007-01-01 14:30:23Z">
<AudienceRestriction>
<Audience>http://www.serviceprovider.com/SP</Audience>
</AudienceRestriction>
</Conditions>
<AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2007-01-01 14:30:23Z" SessionIndex="1234567890">
<AuthContext>
<AuthnContextClassRef>urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password</AuthnContextClassRef>
</AuthContext>
</AuthnStatement>
<AttributeStatement>
<Subject>
<NameID format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress">foppa@identityprovider.com</NameID>
<SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer" />
</Subject>
<Attribute AttributeName="idpSystemID" AttributeNamespace="http://www.identityprovider.com">
<AttributeValue>foppa21</AttributeValue>
</Attribute>
</Assertion>

Now, let's add some logic to the above XML to make sure we get something ColdFusion can generate.

<cfoutput>
<cfxml variable="samlAssert">
<Assertion xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion"
AssertionId="#CreateUUID()#"
IssueInstant="#DateFormat(DateConvert("local2utc", Now()),"YYYY-MM-DDT")##TimeFormat(DateConvert("local2utc",Now()),"HH:mm:SSZ")#"
Version="2.0">
<Issuer>https://www.identityprovider.com/IDP</Issuer>
<Conditions
   NotAfter="#DateFormat(DateConvert("local2utc", Now()),"YYYY-MM-DDT")##TimeFormat(DateConvert("local2utc",DateAdd("n",1,Now())),"HH:mm:SSZ")#"
NotBefore="#DateFormat(DateConvert("local2utc", Now()),"YYYY-MM-DDT")##TimeFormat(DateConvert("local2utc",Now()),"HH:mm:SSZ")#"
>
<AudienceRestriction>
<Audience>http://www.serviceprovider.com/SP</Audience>
</AudienceRestriction>
</Conditions>
<AuthnStatement
   AuthnInstant="#DateFormat(DateConvert("local2utc", Now()),"YYYY-MM-DDT")##TimeFormat(DateConvert("local2utc",Now()),"HH:mm:SSZ")#"
SessionIndex="1234567890"
>
<AuthContext>
<AuthnContextClassRef>urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password</AuthnContextClassRef>
</AuthContext>
</AuthnStatement>
<AttributeStatement>
<Subject>
<NameID format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress">#qryUser.email#</NameID>
<SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer" />
</Subject>
<Attribute AttributeName="idpSystemID" AttributeNamespace="http://www.identityprovider.com">
<AttributeValue>#qryUser.spAccessId#</AttributeValue>
</Attribute>
</AttributeStatement>
</Assertion>
</cfxml>
</cfoutput>

Obviously, the specifics of the Assertion are going to depend on the implementation and logic surrounding the XML above. To build the Java class file is fairly straightforward and involves the following steps:

  • Create a method that will accept a string input and a path to the certificate keystore (more on this later)
  • Initialize the Apache XML Security Library
  • Convert the submitted string of XML to an XML Document
  • Create an XML Signature object based on this document and the certificate
  • Add the XML Signature to the XML Document
  • Convert the XML Document to a string to return to ColdFusion

The article referenced earlier has a prime example of the functionality to perform the above steps and my modifications of it follows:

import java.io.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.cert.*;
import java.security.interfaces.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import org.apache.xpath.XPathAPI;
import org.w3c.dom.*;
import org.apache.xml.security.algorithms.MessageDigestAlgorithm;
import org.apache.xml.security.c14n.*;
import org.apache.xml.security.exceptions.XMLSecurityException;
import org.apache.xml.security.signature.*;
import org.apache.xml.security.keys.*;
import org.apache.xml.security.keys.content.*;
import org.apache.xml.security.keys.content.x509.*;
import org.apache.xml.security.keys.keyresolver.*;
import org.apache.xml.security.keys.storage.*;
import org.apache.xml.security.keys.storage.implementations.*;
import org.apache.xml.security.utils.*;
import org.apache.xml.security.transforms.*;
import org.apache.xml.security.Init;
import org.apache.xml.serialize.*;

public class SamlTest {

/** Creates a new instance of SamlTest */
public SamlTest() { }

public String SignDocument(String token, String certPath) throws Exception {
   org.apache.xml.security.Init.init(); // Initializes the Apache Security Library    
   String password = "mypass"; // Keystore Password    
// Create Document builder factory    DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
   dbf.newInstance();
   dbf.setNamespaceAware(true);
   dbf.setAttribute("http://xml.org/sax/features/namespaces", Boolean.TRUE);
   DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); // creates a new document builder       db.setErrorHandler(new org.apache.xml.security.utils.IgnoreAllErrorHandler());
      
      byte inputBytes[] = token.getBytes(); // converts inputted string into a byte array     Document doc = db.parse(new ByteArrayInputStream(inputBytes)); // creates new XML Document    
    XMLSignature sig = new XMLSignature(doc, "", XMLSignature.ALGO_ID_SIGNATURE_RSA_SHA1); // Creates new signature     Element rootElement = doc.getDocumentElement();
    rootElement.insertBefore(sig.getElement(),rootElement.getFirstChild()); // Adds the signature as the first element of the document    
    Transforms transforms = new Transforms(doc);
    transforms.addTransform(Transforms.TRANSFORM_ENVELOPED_SIGNATURE);
    transforms.addTransform(Transforms.TRANSFORM_C14N_EXCL_OMIT_COMMENTS);
       
    KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS"); // Gets the Java Keystore    ks.load(new FileInputStream(new File(certPath)),password.toCharArray()); // loads the certificate    RSAPrivateKey privKey = (RSAPrivateKey) ks.getKey("SamlTest",password.toCharArray());
   PublicKey pubKey = ks.getCertificate("SamlTest").getPublicKey();
   
   sig.addDocument("",transforms,Constants.ALGO_ID_DIGEST_SHA1);
   sig.sign(privKey); // signs the document using the private key    
   ByteArrayOutputStream byteOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
   XMLUtils.outputDOM(doc, byteOut); // converts the XML document to a byte array    return byteOut.toString();
}
}

Now, in order to load the certificate, we need a Java keystore file. One would create this file and self-signed certificate using the keytool of ColdFusion's JVM. An example of this creation is:

keytool -selfcert -alias SamlTest -genkey -keystore temp.keystore -keyalg RSA

The keytool will ask for passwords for both the keystore and the certificate. I used "mypass" for both, obviously, you'll want yours to be more secure. You will also be prompted for other information for the certificate. If you read my previous post, you will have seen that I state to compile the class in the location it will reside as called by ColdFusion. I am unsure why, but any time I moved the class file, I would get errors on invocation. As a result, I just compiled it into the directory I wanted it to reside. When compiling, the paths to the JAR files will have to be added either at the command prompt or the JAVACLASSPATH environment variable. Once the item is compiled, a signed document should be able to be created by executing the following code (continued from above):

<cfset objSamlTest = CreateObject("java","path.to.SamlTest").init() />
<cfset ksString = "#GetTempDirectory()#temp.keystore">
<cfset token = objSamlTest.SignDocument(ToString(samlAssert),ksString) />

Finally, a before and after of the XML Signature is in the code snippet below (Note: These are formatted for readability, they are straight strings w/o formatting before and after signing).

<!-- XML Before Signing --->
   <Assertion
   AssertionId="49C68436-188B-10AF-6C4D7982EA429C75"
IssueInstant="2007-05-01T22:33:05Z"
Version="2.0"
xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion" >
   <Issuer>https://www.identityprovider.com/IDP</Issuer>
<Conditions NotAfter="2007-05-01T22:34:05Z" NotBefore="2007-05-01T22:33:05Z">
   <AudienceRestriction>
   <Audience>http://www.serviceprovider.com/SP</Audience>
</AudienceRestriction>
</Conditions>
<AuthnStatement
   AuthnInstant="2007-05-01T22:33:05Z"
SessionIndex="1234567890">
<AuthnContext>
   <AuthnContextClassRef>urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password</AuthnContextClassRef>
</AuthnContext>
</AuthnStatement>
<AttributeStatement>
   <Subject>
   <NameID format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress">test@someemail.com</NameID>
   <SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer"/>
</Subject>
<Attribute AttributeName="idpSystemID" AttributeNamespace="http://www.identityprovider.com">
   <AttributeValue>someSharedUserName</AttributeValue>
</Attribute>
</AttributeStatement>
</Assertion>
<!--- XML After Signing --->
<Assertion xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion" AssertionId="49C68436-188B-10AF-6C4D7982EA429C75" IssueInstant="2007-05-01T22:33:05Z" Version="2.0"
   <ds:Signature xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
   <ds:SignedInfo>
   <ds:CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315"></ds:CanonicalizationMethod>
<ds:SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"></ds:SignatureMethod>
<ds:Reference URI="">
   <ds:Transforms>
      <ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature"></ds:Transform>
    <ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"></ds:Transform>
    </ds:Transforms>
    <ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"></ds:DigestMethod>
   <ds:DigestValue>xxdqAYZKpuYIYQkXY2vmMPzEAFQ=</ds:DigestValue>
</ds:Reference>
</ds:SignedInfo>
<ds:SignatureValue> nVBoMK4dFng/tJKqT7VPGPYg1CKs/5tK8TQXcsD3gDiGbQFDLNPchBNRtWs8DEY+L/EO+sl7Js3U z6/SReCGFJf2l23aNu5CBxl3eyJQPeF2viBKFRwm8P8itBvY5HT/a7wKzuPQd7SW2CyrK6NpbpYC PI9z+BqE9w7DxV16/3Q=
</ds:SignatureValue>
</ds:Signature>
<Issuer>https://www.identityprovider.com/IDP</Issuer>
<Conditions NotAfter="2007-05-01T22:34:05Z" NotBefore="2007-05-01T22:33:05Z">
   <AudienceRestriction> <Audience>http://www.serviceprovider.com/SP</Audience> </AudienceRestriction>
</Conditions>
<AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2007-05-01T22:33:05Z" SessionIndex="1234567890">
   <AuthnContext>
   <AuthnContextClassRef>urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password</AuthnContextClassRef>
</AuthnContext>
</AuthnStatement>
<AttributeStatement>
   <Subject>
   <NameID format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress">test@someemail.com</NameID>
<SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer"></SubjectConfirmation>
</Subject>
<Attribute AttributeName="idpSystemID" AttributeNamespace="http://www.identityprovider.com">
   <AttributeValue>someSharedUserName</AttributeValue>
</Attribute>
</AttributeStatement>
</Assertion>

Well, that's all there is to signing the XML document. In the next entry of the series, we'll talk about validating the document.
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Comments

Ravneet's Gravatar I have exactly followed the instructions in above and part 4, but am getting the following error when calling SignDocument method from ColdFusion. Please advise.

Object Instantiation Exception. An exception occurred when instantiating a java object. The cause of this exception was that: .

The java code was compiled using same jars and jre library and the class file was not moved either.

Infact the error happens at org.apache.xml.security.Init.init(); // Initializes the Apache Security Library.

The code runs fine if I run it in Eclipse IDE as a standalone.
# By Ravneet | 8/29/07 12:01 PM
Phil's Gravatar Which JDK are you using? I had to use 1.4.2, not 1.5 or 1.6. There is a significant difference between them. I got this error while trying to line up the right versions.
# By Phil | 8/29/07 4:59 PM
Ravneet's Gravatar Phil,

I really appreciate you help. Here are the details

Server Product ColdFusion MX
Version 7,0,2,142559
Edition Enterprise
----------------------------------------------------
JVM Details
----------------------------------------------------
Java Version 1.4.2_09
Java Vendor Sun Microsystems Inc.
Java Vendor URL http://java.sun.com/
Java Home C:\JRun4\jre
--------------------------------------------
Java Class Path
--------------------------------------------
...
C:\JCI\xml-security-1_2_0\libs\commons-logging-api.jar;
C:\JCI\xml-security-1_2_0\libs\commons-logging.jar;
C:\JCI\xml-security-1_2_0\libs\stylebook-1.0-b3_xalan-2.jar;
C:\JCI\xml-security-1_2_0\libs\xalan.jar;
C:\JCI\xml-security-1_2_0\libs\xercesImpl.jar;
C:\JCI\xml-security-1_2_0\libs\xml-apis.jar;
C:\JCI\xml-security-1_2_0\libs\xmlParserAPIs.jar;
C:\JCI\xml-security-1_2_0\libs\xmlsecSamples.jar;
C:\JCI\xml-security-1_2_0\libs\xmlsecTests.jar;
C:\JCI\xml-security-1_2_0\libs\xmlsec-1.2.96.jar;
C:\SingleSignOn\SamlTest\bin;
...

Same JRE library and jars were used to compile the code in Eclipse IDE. Again the class was not moved either. It runs fine as stand alone program in IDE. The issue occurs when invoking through ColdFusion.

This is the exception that I get when trying to initialize the Apache Security Library. It looks like log4j version problem, but I have followed the steps you have mentioned in Part 4.

08/30 01:33:17 error
[1]org.apache.commons.logging.LogConfigurationException: java.lang.ClassCastException
   at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.newFactory(LogFactory.java:558)
   at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getFactory(LogFactory.java:345)
   at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:409)
   at org.apache.xml.security.Init.<clinit>(Unknown Source)
   at com.carcogroup.security.SamlTest.signDocument(SamlTest.java:55)
   at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
   at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
   at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
   at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:324)
   at coldfusion.runtime.StructBean.invoke(StructBean.java:391)
   at coldfusion.runtime.CfJspPage._invoke(CfJspPage.java:1662)
   at cftest2ecfm1084210002.runPage(C:\Inetpub\Onboarding\www\test.cfm:4)
   at coldfusion.runtime.CfJspPage.invoke(CfJspPage.java:152)
   at coldfusion.tagext.lang.IncludeTag.doStartTag(IncludeTag.java:349)
   at coldfusion.filter.CfincludeFilter.invoke(CfincludeFilter.java:65)
   at coldfusion.filter.ApplicationFilter.invoke(ApplicationFilter.java:225)
   at coldfusion.filter.RequestMonitorFilter.invoke(RequestMonitorFilter.java:51)
   at coldfusion.filter.PathFilter.invoke(PathFilter.java:86)
   at coldfusion.filter.ExceptionFilter.invoke(ExceptionFilter.java:69)
   at coldfusion.filter.BrowserDebugFilter.invoke(BrowserDebugFilter.java:52)
   at coldfusion.filter.ClientScopePersistenceFilter.invoke(ClientScopePersistenceFilter.java:28)
   at coldfusion.filter.BrowserFilter.invoke(BrowserFilter.java:38)
   at coldfusion.filter.GlobalsFilter.invoke(GlobalsFilter.java:38)
   at coldfusion.filter.DatasourceFilter.invoke(DatasourceFilter.java:22)
   at coldfusion.filter.RequestThrottleFilter.invoke(RequestThrottleFilter.java:115)
   at coldfusion.CfmServlet.service(CfmServlet.java:107)
   at coldfusion.bootstrap.BootstrapServlet.service(BootstrapServlet.java:78)
   at jrun.servlet.ServletInvoker.invoke(ServletInvoker.java:91)
   at jrun.servlet.JRunInvokerChain.invokeNext(JRunInvokerChain.java:42)
   at jrun.servlet.JRunRequestDispatcher.invoke(JRunRequestDispatcher.java:257)
   at jrun.servlet.ServletEngineService.dispatch(ServletEngineService.java:541)
   at jrun.servlet.jrpp.JRunProxyService.invokeRunnable(JRunProxyService.java:204)
   at jrunx.scheduler.ThreadPool$ThreadThrottle.invokeRunnable(ThreadPool.java:426)
   at jrunx.scheduler.WorkerThread.run(WorkerThread.java:66)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException
   at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.newFactory(LogFactory.java:554)
   ... 33 more
[0]java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
   at com.carcogroup.security.SamlTest.signDocument(SamlTest.java:55)
   at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
   at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
   at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
   at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:324)
   at coldfusion.runtime.StructBean.invoke(StructBean.java:391)
   at coldfusion.runtime.CfJspPage._invoke(CfJspPage.java:1662)
   at cftest2ecfm1084210002.runPage(C:\Inetpub\Onboarding\www\test.cfm:4)
   at coldfusion.runtime.CfJspPage.invoke(CfJspPage.java:152)
   at coldfusion.tagext.lang.IncludeTag.doStartTag(IncludeTag.java:349)
   at coldfusion.filter.CfincludeFilter.invoke(CfincludeFilter.java:65)
   at coldfusion.filter.ApplicationFilter.invoke(ApplicationFilter.java:225)
   at coldfusion.filter.RequestMonitorFilter.invoke(RequestMonitorFilter.java:51)
   at coldfusion.filter.PathFilter.invoke(PathFilter.java:86)
   at coldfusion.filter.ExceptionFilter.invoke(ExceptionFilter.java:69)
   at coldfusion.filter.BrowserDebugFilter.invoke(BrowserDebugFilter.java:52)
   at coldfusion.filter.ClientScopePersistenceFilter.invoke(ClientScopePersistenceFilter.java:28)
   at coldfusion.filter.BrowserFilter.invoke(BrowserFilter.java:38)
   at coldfusion.filter.GlobalsFilter.invoke(GlobalsFilter.java:38)
   at coldfusion.filter.DatasourceFilter.invoke(DatasourceFilter.java:22)
   at coldfusion.filter.RequestThrottleFilter.invoke(RequestThrottleFilter.java:115)
   at coldfusion.CfmServlet.service(CfmServlet.java:107)
   at coldfusion.bootstrap.BootstrapServlet.service(BootstrapServlet.java:78)
   at jrun.servlet.ServletInvoker.invoke(ServletInvoker.java:91)
   at jrun.servlet.JRunInvokerChain.invokeNext(JRunInvokerChain.java:42)
   at jrun.servlet.JRunRequestDispatcher.invoke(JRunRequestDispatcher.java:257)
   at jrun.servlet.ServletEngineService.dispatch(ServletEngineService.java:541)
   at jrun.servlet.jrpp.JRunProxyService.invokeRunnable(JRunProxyService.java:204)
   at jrunx.scheduler.ThreadPool$ThreadThrottle.invokeRunnable(ThreadPool.java:426)
   at jrunx.scheduler.WorkerThread.run(WorkerThread.java:66)
Caused by: org.apache.commons.logging.LogConfigurationException: java.lang.ClassCastException
   at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.newFactory(LogFactory.java:558)
   at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getFactory(LogFactory.java:345)
   at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:409)
   at org.apache.xml.security.Init.<clinit>(Unknown Source)
   ... 30 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException
   at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.newFactory(LogFactory.java:554)
   ... 33 more
# By Ravneet | 8/30/07 12:47 AM
Phil's Gravatar Try removing the commons-logging.jar file from the classpath. What I can't remember is if I replaced the existing ColdFusion .jar file with the one from the library. I have since changed and upgraded and don't have that setup (nor access to my client who used that setup) so I'm kinda going off of memory here.
# By Phil | 8/31/07 7:07 AM
Blaine Boyland's Gravatar Phil- I have been pulling my hair are. I think I have done everything that you ahve done above and have hit a road block that killing me. When I execture the objSamlTest.SignDocument(ToString(samlAssert),ksString) I get No attributes are implemented. So I changed Cold Fusion to make sure we are using the xercesImpl.jar instead of crimson.jar.
Any help you could give would br greatly appreciated. Thanks, Blaine
# By Blaine Boyland | 1/11/08 11:29 AM
Ben Nadel's Gravatar Phil, I am having trouble following some of this (but that's ok, I am new to SAML). My question is, do you know of anything in ColdFusion 8 that circumvents the needs to include a Java library?

I love XML and love using it in ColdFusion and I just find it hard to believe that something involving XML cannot be done natively to ColdFusion.
# By Ben Nadel | 8/1/08 4:20 PM
Phil's Gravatar Ben, no problem. The issue I ran into was one, there is no native (at least in 7) signature verifier. Also, when extracting out XML nodes, ColdFusion does not treat those snippets the same as Java does, they're actually mini XML docs and most of the security libraries want something else. Again, I haven't played with 8 enough to know whether any of this has changed to make things easier.
# By Phil | 8/1/08 5:01 PM
Ben Nadel's Gravatar @Phil,

No problem. I've been doing some Googling and it looks like CF8 can't handle it either, or at least not in Standard edition.
# By Ben Nadel | 8/1/08 5:43 PM
CFFusionDev's Gravatar Hi Phil,

about using keytool, you can specify validity as 365 days. Could I do it for 2 or 3 years maybe? Is that doable using keytool? Any ideas ? Anyone????

keytool -selfcert -alias SamlTest -genkey -keystore temp.keystore -keyalg RSA

Ben, nice to see you here. Are you working on SSO project?
# By CFFusionDev | 2/23/09 12:52 PM
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